Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom sab hauv cawv rau qhov zoo ntawm cawv

Tam sim no, tsuas yog ob peb yam khoom qis thiab cov npe lag luam hauv khw xwb, feem ntau cov npe lag luam muaj lawv tus kheej lub thawv ntim khoom, uas tsis yog tsuas yog pab txhawb kom nce nqi khoom xwb, tab sis kuj tseem sawv tawm ntawm cov khoom sib tw thiab tsim cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua.

1 Cov hom khoom siv ntim cawv tseem ceeb

Cov ntim cawv feem ntau muab faib ua cov ntim sab nraud thiab cov ntim sab hauv. Cov ntaub ntawv ntim sab nraud suav nrog ntawv, yas, hlau thiab ntoo; cov ntaub ntawv ntim sab hauv suav nrog yas, iav, ntoo thiab ceramics; thaum qee lub npe nrov zuj zus, lawv yuav muab tshwj xeeb rau qee tus neeg tseem ceeb. Cov ntim cawv kuj tseem tshiab heev, thiab qee qhov siv ceramics, siv lead ua thiab txawm tias jade. Niaj hnub no, cia peb kawm txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim hauv lub raj mis cawv rau qhov zoo ntawm cawv.

1.1 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom ntim sab hauv ntawm cawv rau cawv

Lub "ntim sab hauv" ntawm cawv txiv hmab yog hais txog cov khoom ntim uas sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cawv txiv hmab. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom khoom ntim no yog kev ruaj khov luv luv, tab sis cov ntxhiab tsw qab ntawm cawv txiv hmab yuav tsum khaws cia ntev. Kev sib cuag ntev ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntim cawv txiv hmab yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cawv txiv hmab. Thaum cov thawv zaub mov, cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom, thiab lwm yam sib cuag nrog zaub mov, dhau sijhawm, qee cov tshuaj no yuav tsiv mus rau cov zaub mov, cuam tshuam txawm tias hloov pauv qhov saj lossis qhov zoo ntawm zaub mov, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb zaub mov.

1.3.2 Cov iav feem ntau yog ua rau hauv cov fwj cawv, uas yog pob tshab, tawv thiab tiv taus siab, muaj kev thaiv zoo, tiv taus corrosion, tiv taus kub thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau ntau txoj kev tsim thiab ua cov cawv ntawm ntau yam duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Lub raj mis, tab sis txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev tsim iav, oxides yuav tsum tau qhia rau hauv lub khob.

① Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov oxides ntawm iav ib leeg, thiab dhau los ua cov iav formers (network formers) oxides;

② Cov oxides uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim iav los ntawm lawv tus kheej tab sis tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom (lossis cov qauv) ntawm lub iav, ua cov oxides uas hloov lub cev (sab nraum lub network), xws li Li2O, Na2O, K2O,

CaO, MgO, BaO, thiab lwm yam.;

Tib neeg vam khom zaub mov rau lub ntuj, thiab kev nyab xeeb zaub mov muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog txhua tus neeg siv khoom, thiab kev nyab xeeb zaub mov tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Nrog rau kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm tib neeg lub neej thiab kev txhim kho sai ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, tib neeg tsom mus rau kev nyab xeeb zaub mov tsis yog tsuas yog txwv rau qhov teeb meem ntawm zaub mov nws tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb zaub mov uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom lag luam uas kov zaub mov tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau. Lub sijhawm feem ntau, xws li cov txheej txheem nplua nuj tshwj xeeb, cov tshuaj benzene hauv cov hnab ntim zaub mov, thiab lwm yam teeb meem kev nyab xeeb tau ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb dav dav thiab kev txhawj xeeb los ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej.

Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim cawv, cov fwj cawv iav siv ua cov thawv, thiab lawv siv tau laus zuj zus lawm. Cov fwj cawv ceramic yuav lwj vim muaj tej yam xws li porosity thiab dej nqus. Pob txha Tuam Tshoj muaj dej nqus tsawg thiab porosity me me, thiab siv tau rau hauv cov ntim cawv. Cov khoom yas uas tau hais los saum toj no tau siv dav hauv cov ntim cawv, tab sis lawv txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw uas sib xyaw ob lossis ntau cov ntaub ntawv polymer tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsis zoo hauv kev siv ntau yam ntaub ntawv polymer. Ua ib lub koom haum tshawb fawb, nws yuav tsum txhawb kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv cov ntaub ntawv ntim cawv tshiab, nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom tsim nyog, muab cov npe zoo dua rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam cawv, thiab tso cai rau cov kab lis kev cai cawv ntev mus rau hauv thaj av ntawm Tuam Tshoj.