Tam sim no, tsuas yog ob peb yam khoom qis thiab cov npe lag luam hauv khw xwb, feem ntau cov npe lag luam muaj lawv tus kheej lub thawv ntim khoom, uas tsis yog tsuas yog pab txhawb kom nce nqi khoom xwb, tab sis kuj tseem sawv tawm ntawm cov khoom sib tw thiab tsim cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
1 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim cawv rau cawv
1.1 Cov hom khoom siv ntim cawv tseem ceeb
Cov ntim cawv feem ntau suav nrog cov ntim sab nraud thiab cov ntim sab hauv. Cov ntaub ntawv ntim sab nraud suav nrog ntawv, yas, hlau thiab ntoo; cov ntaub ntawv ntim sab hauv suav nrog yas, iav, ntoo thiab ceramics; ntxiv rau, cov ntim cawv siv thaum ub kuj yog kev tsim kho tshiab, thiab cov khoom siv ceramics, cov khoom siv jade thiab cov khoom siv siv lead ua kuj siv tau. Siv rau ntim cawv.
1.2 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim cawv rau cawv
Txawm hais tias cov khoom ntim sab nraud ntawm cov cawv tsis sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov cawv, nws cov kev cuam tshuam rau cov cawv tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.
1.2.1 Hauv cov ntim sab nraud, daim ntawv yog cov khoom ntim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab nws cov kev phom sij zais cia tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias cov tshuaj xws li cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev nqus dej, cov neeg sawv cev ntsuas qhov loj me, thiab cov khoom sau yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv cov pulp thaum lub sijhawm ua ntawv.
(ua rau daim ntawv tsis pom tseeb), tshuaj dawb, tshuaj zas, thiab lwm yam. Tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev seepage feem ntau yog xab npum rosin; tus neeg sau yog kaolin, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, barium sulfate thiab magnesium silicate; tus neeg sawv cev bleaching yog calcium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid, sodium peroxide thiab hydrogen peroxide, thiab lwm yam; tus neeg sawv cev zas Siv cov xim zas uas yaj tau hauv dej thiab cov xim pigments. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj yaj hauv daim ntawv los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li cov khoom siv pulp. Ntawm cov xim zas, cov hlau cadmium feem ntau siv liab, thiab cov hlau lead feem ntau siv daj, uas kuj tuaj yeem yaj hauv qhov tsawg tsawg (mg / L theem) thiab ua rau muaj kab mob. Cov hlau hnyav tsis tuaj yeem biodegraded, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv tuaj yeem nplua nuj ntau txhiab zaus nyob rau hauv bio-magnification ntawm cov saw hlau zaub mov, thiab thaum kawg nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Cov hlau hnyav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov protein thiab enzymes hauv tib neeg lub cev, ua rau lawv tsis ua haujlwm, thiab kuj tseem tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv qee yam kabmob ntawm tib neeg lub cev, ua rau muaj kev lom mus ntev. Cov xim ntawv muaj cov xim fluorescent lom, daim ntawv ciab muaj cov monomers seem, thiab qee cov ciab muaj cov carcinogens. Tsis tas li ntawd, formaldehyde siv rau hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob lossis cov khoom ua resin kuj tuaj yeem yaj los ntawm cov khoom ntawv.
1.2 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim cawv rau cawv
Txawm hais tias cov khoom ntim sab nraud ntawm cov cawv tsis sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov cawv, nws cov kev cuam tshuam rau cov cawv tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.
1.2.1 Hauv cov ntim sab nraud, daim ntawv yog cov khoom ntim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab nws cov kev phom sij zais cia tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias cov tshuaj xws li cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev nqus dej, cov neeg sawv cev ntsuas qhov loj me, thiab cov khoom sau yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv cov pulp thaum lub sijhawm ua ntawv.
(ua rau daim ntawv tsis pom tseeb), tshuaj dawb, tshuaj zas, thiab lwm yam. Tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev seepage feem ntau yog xab npum rosin; tus neeg sau yog kaolin, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, barium sulfate thiab magnesium silicate; tus neeg sawv cev bleaching yog calcium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid, sodium peroxide thiab hydrogen peroxide, thiab lwm yam; tus neeg sawv cev zas Siv cov xim zas uas yaj tau hauv dej thiab cov xim pigments. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj yaj hauv daim ntawv los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li cov khoom siv pulp. Ntawm cov xim zas, cov hlau cadmium feem ntau siv liab, thiab cov hlau lead feem ntau siv daj, uas kuj tuaj yeem yaj hauv qhov tsawg tsawg (mg / L theem) thiab ua rau muaj kab mob. Cov hlau hnyav tsis tuaj yeem biodegraded, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv tuaj yeem nplua nuj ntau txhiab zaus nyob rau hauv bio-magnification ntawm cov saw hlau zaub mov, thiab thaum kawg nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Cov hlau hnyav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov protein thiab enzymes hauv tib neeg lub cev, ua rau lawv tsis ua haujlwm, thiab kuj tseem tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv qee yam kabmob ntawm tib neeg lub cev, ua rau muaj kev lom mus ntev. Cov xim ntawv muaj cov xim fluorescent lom, daim ntawv ciab muaj cov monomers seem, thiab qee cov ciab muaj cov carcinogens. Tsis tas li ntawd, formaldehyde siv rau hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob lossis cov khoom ua resin kuj tuaj yeem yaj los ntawm cov khoom ntawv.
2 Xaus Lus
Tam sim no, ntau lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb tab tom kawm txog kev siv cov ntim khoom ntsuab thiab siv cov khoom ntim khoom uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj teeb meem. Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj thoob ntiaj teb, cov teb chaws tau tsim cov cai thiab cov qauv tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab xyuas kom meej tias lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nyab xeeb khoom noj. Cov neeg vam khom zaub mov rau lub ntuj, thiab kev nyab xeeb khoom noj muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog txhua tus neeg siv khoom, thiab kev nyab xeeb khoom noj tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Nrog rau kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm cov neeg lub neej thiab kev txhim kho sai ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, cov neeg tsom mus rau kev nyab xeeb khoom noj tsis yog tsuas yog txwv rau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom noj nws tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb khoom noj uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom lag luam uas kov cov khoom noj tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau. Lub sijhawm feem ntau, xws li cov txheej txheem nplua nuj tshwj xeeb, cov tshuaj benzene-based hauv cov hnab ntim khoom noj, thiab lwm yam teeb meem kev nyab xeeb tau ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb dav dav thiab kev txhawj xeeb los ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej.
Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim cawv, cov fwj cawv iav siv ua cov thawv, thiab lawv siv tau laus zuj zus lawm. Cov fwj cawv ceramic yuav lwj vim muaj tej yam xws li porosity thiab dej nqus. Pob txha Tuam Tshoj muaj dej nqus tsawg thiab porosity me me, thiab siv tau rau hauv cov ntim cawv. Cov khoom yas uas tau hais los saum toj no tau siv dav hauv cov ntim cawv, tab sis lawv txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw uas sib xyaw ob lossis ntau cov ntaub ntawv polymer tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsis zoo hauv kev siv ntau yam ntaub ntawv polymer. Ua ib lub koom haum tshawb fawb, nws yuav tsum txhawb kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv cov ntaub ntawv ntim cawv tshiab, nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom tsim nyog, muab cov npe zoo dua rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam cawv, thiab tso cai rau cov kab lis kev cai cawv ntev mus rau hauv thaj av ntawm Tuam Tshoj.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-14-2022